Fast and Secure Friend Recommendation in Online Social Networks

Online Social Networks have completely transformed communication in the world of social networks. Participation in online social networks have been growing significantly and is expected to continue to grow in the upcoming years. As user participation in online social media is on the rise, so is the concern pertaining to user privacy and information security; users want to interact on social media without jeopardizing their privacy and personal information. Extensive research has been conducted in the area of developing privacy-preserving protocols to allow users to interact in a secure and privacy-preserving environment. One of the elements that social media have is the feature or ability to befriend other users. While a user may manually search for friends to “add”, social media networks like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and others facilitate friend recommendations to their users based on different criteria. We examine and compare the advantages and disadvantages of existing privacy-preserving techniques and schemes. We also analyze di↵erent models used to implement friend recommendation protocols and study proximity measurement metrics used in existing works. This thesis scrutinizes the security weaknesses and vulnerabilities of three Friend Recommendation Protocols from existing work and develop a corresponding solution. We propose a (FSFR) protocol that is based on Shamir’s Secret Sharing to facilitate friend recommendations in Online Social Networks in a fast, secure and private manner. After comparing our protocol with existing protocols in terms of security, computation efficiency, costs, flexibility and more, we conclude that our FSFR protocol guarantees a superior and more efficient friend recommendation protocol

Sustainable Utilization of Fishery Waste in Bangladesh—A Qualitative Study for a Circular Bioeconomy Initiative

Living marine resources are limited; therefore, utilizing them sustainably is essential. Not all resources obtained from the sea are used adequately, causing discards, on-board waste, and by-products and waste on land. Recognition of the limited marine resources and increasing environmental pollution has emphasized the need for better utilization of by-products. Waste may include particles of flesh, skin, bones, entrails, shells or liquid stick water. Unfortunately, no fishery waste and by-product management initiatives or projects exist in Bangladesh; by-products are generally thrown into dustbins, ponds, rivers, and the sea. Bangladesh’s fish-processing waste and fishery by-products could be exported, providing a source of foreign currency earnings. Primary and secondary data were collected through documentary analysis, a literature review, and in-depth interviews (n = 129) with fishers and other relevant stakeholders regarding the challenges of Bangladesh’s sustainable fishery by-products and fish-processing waste. The data were analyzed thematically, guided by the most meaningful stories, and show that fish waste, or fishery by-products, should not be considered less valuable than the fish itself but is a precious and profitable resource capable of bringing health, social, economic, and environmental benefits. Our results reveal that fishery waste can expand local communities’, especially fishers’ and other workers’, potential for jobs or alternative income-generating tasks during fishing ban seasons. Finally, suggestions for managing fishery waste and fishery by-products are made to ensure improved and sustainable utilization via a circular bioeconomy

Sustainable Utilization of Fishery Waste in Bangladesh—A Qualitative Study for a Circular Bioeconomy Initiative

Living marine resources are limited; therefore, utilizing them sustainably is essential. Not all resources obtained from the sea are used adequately, causing discards, on-board waste, and by-products and waste on land. Recognition of the limited marine resources and increasing environmental pollution has emphasized the need for better utilization of by-products. Waste may include particles of flesh, skin, bones, entrails, shells or liquid stick water. Unfortunately, no fishery waste and by-product management initiatives or projects exist in Bangladesh; by-products are generally thrown into dustbins, ponds, rivers, and the sea. Bangladesh’s fish-processing waste and fishery by-products could be exported, providing a source of foreign currency earnings. Primary and secondary data were collected through documentary analysis, a literature review, and in-depth interviews (n = 129) with fishers and other relevant stakeholders regarding the challenges of Bangladesh’s sustainable fishery by-products and fish-processing waste. The data were analyzed thematically, guided by the most meaningful stories, and show that fish waste, or fishery by-products, should not be considered less valuable than the fish itself but is a precious and profitable resource capable of bringing health, social, economic, and environmental benefits. Our results reveal that fishery waste can expand local communities’, especially fishers’ and other workers’, potential for jobs or alternative income-generating tasks during fishing ban seasons. Finally, suggestions for managing fishery waste and fishery by-products are made to ensure improved and sustainable utilization via a circular bioeconomy

Production Of Biogas From Anaerobic Digestion Of Poultry Droppings And Domestic Waste Using Catalytic Effect Of Silica Gel

This research work has been performed to produce biogas from poultry and household (kitchen) waste using silica gel as a catalyst. A fabricated laboratory scale digester was used to generate biogas from the locally available waste obtained from poultry farms and domestic kitchens. Two laboratory-scale digesters were prepared to digest the solid wastes with and without silica gel respectively. The operating temperatures of the digesters were maintained within 26°C-31°C. The water displacement method was used to investigate the volume of the produced gas. It was found that the production rate of biogas was increased while using silica gel as catalyst. The total gas production was found to be 7921 ml/kg of waste without silica gel whereas it was 10545 ml/kg with a maximum production rate of 1206 ml/kg in a day with silica gel as a catalyst and it was 33.12% higher than before. Finally, by using a k-type thermocouple, the flame temperature of the gas was measured as 619°C. Considering the magnitude of flame temperature and total gas yield after adding the silica gel, the large scale set-ups can be a prospective source of clean energ

Analyzing the Classification Accuracy of Deep Learning and Machine Learning for Credit Card Fraud Detection

The purpose of this study is to classify a dataset of credit card security problems by employing six different machine learning (ML) approaches. The Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Bagged Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naive Biased Classifier, and Extreme Gradient Boosting were selected as the classifiers to use (XGBoost). The classification accuracy of the machine learning algorithms was compared with that of a technique for categorization that is based on deep learning called Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The KNN machine learning approach had a maximum accuracy of 97.50 percent, while the LSTM machine learning method had an accuracy of more than 96 percent and promised to give biologically appropriate control of upper-limb movement. In addition to enhancing accuracy, the research has investigated how the effects of removing the channel with the most noise from the algorithms can have on accuracy. This was done in an effort to handle data in a more effective manner

Secure Internet of Things (IoT) Networks: Study the challenges and develop solutions for securing IoT networks, including authentication, access control, and data protection

The present study focuses on the security issues that arise in the context of IoT networks and puts forward potential remedies in the areas of authentication, access control, and data safeguarding. Through a comprehensive analysis of the extant scholarly works, we ascertain deficiencies and construct a framework incorporating sophisticated procedures and cryptographic techniques. The model in question guarantees data confidentiality and integrity while considering limitations in available resources. The efficacy of network security enhancement is demonstrated through the use of simulations. The present study offers valuable contributions to the domain of IoT security by furnishing pragmatic perspectives for safeguarding IoT networks and promoting confidence in the burgeoning IoT milieu

Sustainable Utilization of Fishery Waste in Bangladesh—A Qualitative Study for a Circular Bioeconomy Initiative

Living marine resources are limited; therefore, utilizing them sustainably is essential. Not all resources obtained from the sea are used adequately, causing discards, on-board waste, and by-products and waste on land. Recognition of the limited marine resources and increasing environmental pollution has emphasized the need for better utilization of by-products. Waste may include particles of flesh, skin, bones, entrails, shells or liquid stick water. Unfortunately, no fishery waste and by-product management initiatives or projects exist in Bangladesh; by-products are generally thrown into dustbins, ponds, rivers, and the sea. Bangladesh’s fish-processing waste and fishery by-products could be exported, providing a source of foreign currency earnings. Primary and secondary data were collected through documentary analysis, a literature review, and in-depth interviews (n = 129) with fishers and other relevant stakeholders regarding the challenges of Bangladesh’s sustainable fishery by-products and fish-processing waste. The data were analyzed thematically, guided by the most meaningful stories, and show that fish waste, or fishery by-products, should not be considered less valuable than the fish itself but is a precious and profitable resource capable of bringing health, social, economic, and environmental benefits. Our results reveal that fishery waste can expand local communities’, especially fishers’ and other workers’, potential for jobs or alternative income-generating tasks during fishing ban seasons. Finally, suggestions for managing fishery waste and fishery by-products are made to ensure improved and sustainable utilization via a circular bioeconomy

Table_1_T helper cell responses in adult diarrheal patients following natural infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are primarily of the Th17 type.docx

BackgroundInfection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) gives rise to IgA antibodies against both the heat labile toxin (LT) and colonization factors (CFs), which are considered to synergistically protect against ETEC diarrhea. Since the development of ETEC-specific long lived plasma cells and memory B cells is likely to be dependent on T helper (Th) cells, we investigated if natural ETEC diarrhea elicits ETEC-specific Th cells and their relation to IgA responses.MethodsTh cell subsets were analyzed in adult Bangladeshi patients hospitalized due to ETEC diarrhea by flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from blood collected day 2, 7, 30 and 90 after hospitalization as well as in healthy controls. The LT- and CF-specific Th responses were determined by analysis of IL-17A and IFN-γ in antigen stimulated PBMC cultures using ELISA. ETEC-specific IgA secreted by circulating antibody secreting cells (plasmablasts) were analyzed by using the antibodies in lymphocyte supernatants (ALS) ELISA-based method and plasma IgA was also measured by ELISA.ResultsETEC patients mounted significant ALS and plasma IgA responses against LTB and CFs on day 7 after hospitalization. ETEC patients had significantly elevated proportions of memory Th cells with a Th17 phenotype (CCR6+CXCR3-) in blood compared to controls, while frequencies of Th1 (CCR6-CXCR3+) or Th2 (CCR6-CXCR3-) cells were not increased. Antigen stimulation of PBMCs revealed IL-17A responses to LT, most clearly observed after stimulation with double mutant heat labile toxin (dmLT), but also with LT B subunit (LTB), and to CS6 in samples from patients with LT+ or CS6+ ETEC bacteria. Some individuals also mounted IFN-γ responses to dmLT and LTB. Levels of LTB specific IgA antibodies in ALS, but not plasma samples correlated with both IL-17A (r=0.5, p=0.02) and IFN-γ (r=0.6, p=0.01) responses to dmLT.ConclusionsOur results show that ETEC diarrhea induces T cell responses, which are predominantly of the Th17 type. The correlations between IL-17A and IFN-g and intestine-derived plasmablast responses support that Th responses may contribute to the development of protective IgA responses against ETEC infection. These observations provide important insights into T cell responses that need to be considered in the evaluation of advanced ETEC vaccine candidates.</p

Presentation_1_T helper cell responses in adult diarrheal patients following natural infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are primarily of the Th17 type.pptx

BackgroundInfection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) gives rise to IgA antibodies against both the heat labile toxin (LT) and colonization factors (CFs), which are considered to synergistically protect against ETEC diarrhea. Since the development of ETEC-specific long lived plasma cells and memory B cells is likely to be dependent on T helper (Th) cells, we investigated if natural ETEC diarrhea elicits ETEC-specific Th cells and their relation to IgA responses.MethodsTh cell subsets were analyzed in adult Bangladeshi patients hospitalized due to ETEC diarrhea by flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from blood collected day 2, 7, 30 and 90 after hospitalization as well as in healthy controls. The LT- and CF-specific Th responses were determined by analysis of IL-17A and IFN-γ in antigen stimulated PBMC cultures using ELISA. ETEC-specific IgA secreted by circulating antibody secreting cells (plasmablasts) were analyzed by using the antibodies in lymphocyte supernatants (ALS) ELISA-based method and plasma IgA was also measured by ELISA.ResultsETEC patients mounted significant ALS and plasma IgA responses against LTB and CFs on day 7 after hospitalization. ETEC patients had significantly elevated proportions of memory Th cells with a Th17 phenotype (CCR6+CXCR3-) in blood compared to controls, while frequencies of Th1 (CCR6-CXCR3+) or Th2 (CCR6-CXCR3-) cells were not increased. Antigen stimulation of PBMCs revealed IL-17A responses to LT, most clearly observed after stimulation with double mutant heat labile toxin (dmLT), but also with LT B subunit (LTB), and to CS6 in samples from patients with LT+ or CS6+ ETEC bacteria. Some individuals also mounted IFN-γ responses to dmLT and LTB. Levels of LTB specific IgA antibodies in ALS, but not plasma samples correlated with both IL-17A (r=0.5, p=0.02) and IFN-γ (r=0.6, p=0.01) responses to dmLT.ConclusionsOur results show that ETEC diarrhea induces T cell responses, which are predominantly of the Th17 type. The correlations between IL-17A and IFN-g and intestine-derived plasmablast responses support that Th responses may contribute to the development of protective IgA responses against ETEC infection. These observations provide important insights into T cell responses that need to be considered in the evaluation of advanced ETEC vaccine candidates.</p